Summary of outcomes of low level laser therapy as compared to placebo/no treatment
Outcome
NumberStudies
NumberPatients
Effect
95% CI\
I2
P
Overall incidence of severe (grade 3 or 4) mucositis
10
689
RR 0.37
0.20 to 0.67
80%
0.001
Incidence of severe (grade 3 or 4) mucositis at anticipated time of maximal mucositis*
6
546
RR 0.34
0.20 to 0.59
62%
0.0001
Overall mean grade of mucositis
8
603
SMD -1.49
-2.02 to -0.95
86%
<0.0001
Duration of severe (grade 3 or 4) mucositis
3
361
WMD -5.32
-9.45 to -1.19
94%
0.01
Incidence of any pain
7
591
RR 0.89
0.76 to 1.04
96%
0.15
Incidence of severe pain**
2
331
RR 0.26
0.18 to 0.37
0%
<0.0001
Overall mean pain scores
5
222
WMD -2.46
-4.41 to -0.77
97%
0.004
Number of patients requiring opioid analgesia
5
530
RR 0.47
0.37 to 0.60
0%
<0.0001
Unplanned radiotherapy interruption due to mucositis in head and neck cancer patients
5
560
RR 0.23
0.12 to 0.44
0%
<0.0001
Abbreviations:RR - risk ratio;SMD - standardized mean difference;WMD - weighted mean difference;CI - confidence interval * Maximum anticipated mucositis was week 6±1 in head and neck cancer radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy trials and day 10±4 in chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation trials(from date of chemotherapy initiation and stem cell infusion respectively). ** Severe pain defined as a visual analogue scale score >7. ¥ All analyses used a random-effect model. A risk ratio <1 and a standardized mean difference or weighted mean difference <0 with 95% CIs that do not include 1 or 0 respectively, suggest that low level laser is better than placebo/no therapy. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107418.t002